英语翻译International BusinessThe second half of the 20th centur

英语翻译
International Business
The second half of the 20th century was marked by a rapid expansion of business across country borders:countries traded with one another,investors bought foreign securities,companies set up ventures abroad,and astronomical sums of money flew from one country to another.
Why trade with other countries?
There are many reasons why countries trade with one another.Some countries trade because they cannot grow or produce the goods they need; others trade because they cannot grow or produce the goods as efficiently as other countries; still others trade because they can grow or produce certain goods more efficiently than they can other goods.The former refer to absolute advantage,and the latter is called comparative advantage.
Economic reasons are the main driving forces for international trade,but they may sometimes give way to political considerations and long-term economic plan.
Other ways to go international
In addition to trade,companies aspiring to go international have many options to choose from,varying in levels of involvement in international management.The most common ones are,ranging from the least involved to the most involved,independent agents,licensing arrangement,branch offices,joint ventures and direct investment.
When a company feels that it has a good understanding of a foreign market,it can invest there directly by setting up a joint venture or an enterprise completely owned by itself.A joint venture is a business enterprise with both foreign and local investment.
Global business
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are the highest form for organizing international business.MNCs search for business opportunities worldwide and organize their business operations according to the global view.They may appoint an agent one place and use a licensing arrangement at another.For other places,they may open branch offices,establish joint ventures or enterprise completely owned by themselves.The ultimate purpose is the same:to maximize the profits.
In aspects,doing business overseas is the same as doing business in one’s home country,but there are special issues in international business different from civil business,which are social and culture differences,foreign exchange and trade barriers (tariffs and non-tariff barriers).

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International Business
The second half of the 20th century was marked by a rapid expansion of business across country borders:countries traded with one another,investors bought foreign securities,companies set up ventures abroad,and astronomical sums of money flew from one country to another.
Why trade with other countries?
There are many reasons why countries trade with one another.Some countries trade because they cannot grow or produce the goods they need; others trade because they cannot grow or produce the goods as efficiently as other countries; still others trade because they can grow or produce certain goods more efficiently than they can other goods.The former refer to absolute advantage,and the latter is called comparative advantage.
Economic reasons are the main driving forces for international trade,but they may sometimes give way to political considerations and long-term economic plan.
Other ways to go international
In addition to trade,companies aspiring to go international have many options to choose from,varying in levels of involvement in international management.The most common ones are,ranging from the least involved to the most involved,independent agents,licensing arrangement,branch offices,joint ventures and direct investment.
When a company feels that it has a good understanding of a foreign market,it can invest there directly by setting up a joint venture or an enterprise completely owned by itself.A joint venture is a business enterprise with both foreign and local investment.
Global business
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are the highest form for organizing international business.MNCs search for business opportunities worldwide and organize their business operations according to the global view.They may appoint an agent one place and use a licensing arrangement at another.For other places,they may open branch offices,establish joint ventures or enterprise completely owned by themselves.The ultimate purpose is the same:to maximize the profits.
In aspects,doing business overseas is the same as doing business in one’s home country,but there are special issues in international business different from civil business,which are social and culture differences,foreign exchange and trade barriers (tariffs and non-tariff barriers).