英语翻译Cd21 has caused serious harm to the environment and huma

英语翻译
Cd21 has caused serious harm to the environment and human health.It can cause serious injury to the human kidney,lung,bone and nerve system,and result in renal dysfunction,calcium metabolism disorders,and an increased incidence of certain forms of cancers.1 Therefore,on-site and real-time detection of Cd21 is important to avoid its toxic effects.Up to date,many fluorescent sensors for Cd21 have been reported.2 However,conventional fluorescent detection always has quenching and photobleaching problems.Colorimetric sensors are free of such quenching problems,and meanwhile they require minimal instrumentation and thus can make on-site detection even easier.3
In recent years,ligand protected gold and silver nano- particles have been increasingly explored as colorimetric sensors in chemical and biological fields due to their remarkable photophysical and photochemical properties.4 For example,DNAzyme assembled gold nanoparticles can be used as colorimetric sensors for Pb21.5 p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene-modified silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) can be used as colorimetric probes for histidine.6 Mannose-stabilized gold nanoparticles can detect lectin efficiently by the colorimetric method.7 It was found that the introduction of organic ligands onto the surfaces of metal nanoparticles provides not only stability to these nanoentities in different solvents,but also desirable surface functionalities.8 In general,ligands containing thiol,9 amino,10 pyridine groups11 etc.were employed to modify metal nanoparticles.Recently,‘‘click’’ reaction has been regarded as a simple and versatile coupling strategy for the functionalization of nanoparticles.12 It is a green and efficient coupling approach,utilizing the copper(I)-catalyzed 1,2,3-triazole formation between azides and terminal acetylenes.Brennan and co-workers successfully attached active lipases onto the surface of gold nanoparticles through click reaction.13 Binder and co-workers have synthesized barbituric acid modified CdSe quantum dots to guide supramolecular recognition via click chemistry.14
Recently,we have been interested in constructing highly selective Ag NPs-based colorimetric probes for ions and small molecules.6,15 In this communication,an ester group,a
favorable metal ion-binding group,was employed to be
attached onto the surface of Ag NPs through in situ ‘‘click’’ reaction.The newly synthesized triazole-ester modified silver nanoparticles can be used as highly selective colorimetric sensors for Cd2

Cd2＋已经对环境和人类健康带来严重的损害.它可以对人的肾、肺、骨骼和神经系统带来严重的损伤,并导致肾功能不全、钙代谢障碍以及某些癌症的发生率.[1] 因此,Cd2＋的现场和实时检测对于避免其毒性的影响非常重要.迄今为止,已经报道了很多用于Cd2＋的荧光传感器.[2] 可是,常规的荧光检测总是存在猝灭和光漂白问题.比色传感器不存在这样的猝灭问题,同时,它们只需要最低程度的仪表应用,因此能够更容易的进行现场检测.[3]
近年来,配体保护的金和银纳米粒子已越来越多地在化学和生物领域被作为比色传感器而得到探索研究,因为它们具有不寻常的光物理和光化学性质.[4] 例如,脱氧核酶（DNAzyme）组装的金纳米粒子可以被用作Pb2＋的比色传感器.[5] 璜基杯[4]芳烃（p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene）改性的银纳米粒子（Ag NPs）可以被用作组氨酸的比色探测器.[6] 甘露糖稳定化的金纳米粒子可以用比色法有效地探测凝集素.[7] 人们发现,在金属纳米粒子的表面引入有机配体不仅可以为不同溶液中的这些纳米实体提供稳定性,而且可以提供所希望的表面功能.[8] 一般来说,采用含硫醇、[9] 氨基、[10] 吡啶基团[11]等的配体来改性金属纳米粒子.近来,“点击”反应已经被看作一种用于纳米粒子功能化的简单而万能的偶联策略.[12] 它是一种绿色而有效的偶联方法,利用叠氮化物和端乙炔之间的铜（I）催化1,2,3三氮唑的形成.Brennan及其同事通过点击反应成功地在金纳米粒子表面附上了活性的脂肪酶.[13] Binder和他的同事已经合成了巴比土酸改性的CdSe量子点,来导引通过点击化学的超分子识别.[14]
最近,我们一直对构建有高度选择性的、用于离子和小分子的Ag NPs基比色探测器感兴趣.[6,15] 在本通讯中,采用了一个酯基团、一个有利的金属离子－络合基团通过原位“点击”反应附着于Ag NPs的表面.这种新合成的三氮唑酯改性的银纳米粒子可以被用作
Cd2＋有高度选择性的比色传感器.