英语翻译This chapter has explored the relationship between langu

英语翻译
This chapter has explored the relationship between language and culture.We have shown that,as the term “languagculture” implies,language and culture are inseparable,because language is composed of linguistic elements that vary by culture.Speakers use a range of linguistic elements to convey meaning in conversation,but the appropriate ways to use these elements vary form culture to culture.These cultural differences affect encounters between speakers from different countries as well as between Americans of different cultural and regional backgrounds,and even between woman and men.
Cross-cultural encounters provide insight into how language works to create meaning and how language shapes the way a speaker perceives and orders the world.
The relationship between language and culture has been illustrated by real-life examples of conversations,including an opening anecdotal example of German and American college students,as well as detailed analysis of tape-recorded conversations that took place between Americans of different regional and ethnic backgrounds.Linguistic phenomena that vary by culture topic,intonational patterns,turn-taking,attitudes toward and uses of overlap,and indirectness.Systematic differences in uses of these linguistic phenomena have real-world consequences,as the interactional sociolinguistic work of John Gumperz demonstrates.To the extent that speakers use language and expect language to be use in predictable,culturally coherent ways and sequences,conversation can be said to have a ritual nature.When conversational rituals are shared,the result is not only successful communication,but also a satisfying sense of coherence in the world.

这一章节探讨了语言和文化的关系.正如“语言文化”所示,我们已经了解了语言和文化是不可分割的,因为语言是由语言元素构成的,而语言元素又因文化而异.说话者在交谈中会用一系列的语言元素来表达自己的意思,但如何正确的使用这些元素因文化而易.这种由于文化不同所造成的影响不只发生在来自不同国家的人之间,同时,也发生在拥有不同文化和地区背景的美国人同国人之间,甚至是男性和女性之间.
跨文化交际者洞察到语言是如何创造意义,以及语言是如何塑造言语者认知和规定世界的方式的.
语言和文化的关系被现实生活中活生生的交谈例子很好地诠释了,包括一个德国和美国大学生初次见面的趣事,还有一段详尽的关于来自不同地区不同种族之间的对话分析.语言现象随文化主题,语调形式,转折方式,以及对翘二郎的态度和使用和含蓄程度.正如John Gumperz 在相互作用的社会语言学作品中所述,在使用这些语言现象上的系统性差异有着现实的影响.就言语者使用语言并期望能够以一种可预知并文化一致的方式来使用来说,交谈便有了特定的本质.当这种交谈特点被分享后,我们不仅能够得到成功的交流,更能够体会到世界的连贯与和谐,并从中得到一种满足感.