斐泼那契数列的通项公式及证明
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斐泼那契数列的通项公式及证明
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F(n)= (1/√5){[(1+√5)/2]^(n+2)-[(1-√5)/2]^(n+2)}
下面用特征值法求F(n)——裴波那契数列 1 1 2 3 5 ...的通项
F(n+2) = F(n+1) + F(n) => F(n+2) - F(n+1) - F(n) = 0
令 F(n+2) - aF(n+1) = b(F(n+1) - aF(n))
展开 F(n+2) - (a+b)F(n+1) + abF(n) = 0
显然 a+b = 1 ab = -1
由韦达定理知 a、b为二次方程 x2 - x - 1 = 0 的两个根
解得 a = (1 + √5)/2,b = (1 -√5)/2 或 a = (1 -√5)/2,b = (1 + √5)/2
令G(n) = F(n+1) - aF(n),则G(n+1) = bG(n),且G(1) = F(2) - aF(1) = 1 - a = b,因此G(n)为等比数列,G(n) = (1-a)bn-1 = bn ,即
F(n+1) - aF(n) = G(n) = bn -------------------------------------- (1)
在(1)式中分别将上述 a b的两组解代入,由于对称性不妨设x = (1 + √5)/2,y = (1 -√5)/2,得到:
F(n+1) - xF(n) = yn
F(n+1) - yF(n) = xn
以上两式相减得:
(x-y)F(n) = xn - yn
F(n) = (xn - yn)/(x-y) = {[(1+√5)/2]n-[(1-√5)/2] n}/√5
回答
下面用特征值法求F(n)——裴波那契数列 1 1 2 3 5 ...的通项
F(n+2) = F(n+1) + F(n) => F(n+2) - F(n+1) - F(n) = 0
令 F(n+2) - aF(n+1) = b(F(n+1) - aF(n))
展开 F(n+2) - (a+b)F(n+1) + abF(n) = 0
显然 a+b = 1 ab = -1
由韦达定理知 a、b为二次方程 x2 - x - 1 = 0 的两个根
解得 a = (1 + √5)/2,b = (1 -√5)/2 或 a = (1 -√5)/2,b = (1 + √5)/2
令G(n) = F(n+1) - aF(n),则G(n+1) = bG(n),且G(1) = F(2) - aF(1) = 1 - a = b,因此G(n)为等比数列,G(n) = (1-a)bn-1 = bn ,即
F(n+1) - aF(n) = G(n) = bn -------------------------------------- (1)
在(1)式中分别将上述 a b的两组解代入,由于对称性不妨设x = (1 + √5)/2,y = (1 -√5)/2,得到:
F(n+1) - xF(n) = yn
F(n+1) - yF(n) = xn
以上两式相减得:
(x-y)F(n) = xn - yn
F(n) = (xn - yn)/(x-y) = {[(1+√5)/2]n-[(1-√5)/2] n}/√5
回答