英语翻译The large part which war played in English affairs in th

英语翻译
The large part which war played in English affairs in the Middle-Ages,the fact that the control of the army and navy was in the hands of those that spoke French,and the circumstances that much of English fighting was done in France all resulted in the introduction into English of a number of French military terms.The art of war has undergone such changes since the battles of Hastings,Lewes,and Agincourt that many words once common are now only in historical use.Their places have been taken by later borrowings,often like wise from French,many of them being words acquired by the French in the course of their wars in Italy during the sixteenth century.Yet we still use French words of the Middle Ages when we speak of the army and the navy,of peace,enemy,battle,soldier,guard and spy,and we have kept the names of officers such as captain and sergeant.Some of the French terms were introduced into English because they were needed to express a new object or a new idea.In other cases a French and a native English word for the same thing existed side by side.Sometimes one or the other has since been lost from the language; but sometimes both the borrowed and the native word have been still in common use.

在英国冲突事件中最大的战争发生在中世纪,实际情况是当时陆军和海军都被说法语的国家控制,许多英国战争实际环境都发生在法国,这些导致了大量法语军事术语被引入英语中.自从黑斯廷斯、刘易斯、阿金库尔战役之后,战争的艺术经历了巨大的变化,当时很多曾经常用词语现在只是出现在历史中了.他们的位置被后来的语言取代了,很多来自于法语,在16世纪期间,很多被动词被收录到法语的战争课程中,这些战争发生在意大利.当我们提到陆军和海军的时候,现在我们仍然使用这些中世纪的法语单词,和平,敌人,战役,战士,卫兵,间谍.我们也保留了军官的称谓,比如上尉,警官.有一些法语词汇被引入到英语中,是因为它们被用来表达一个新主题或者新主意.在其他情形中,表达同一件事情的一个法语和一个本土英语单词可以同时存在.有时候,一个或者另一个会从语言中消失.有时候外来的和本土单词在现代仍然被使用.