英语翻译According to Nida,analysis is the first step of every tr

英语翻译
According to Nida,analysis is the first step of every translation determining the
meaning of the SL.The step of transfer involves the shifting of thinking from the
SL(X) to TL(Y).Restructuring means the transformation of a deep structure into a
surface structure in the TL(Y).Besides the above-mentioned three steps,Nida
believes that another essential step of testing should also be included in the translation
process in his Theory and Practice of Translation ,the step which involves not only a
contrastive analysis of both texts but also an analysis of how the potential receptors of
a translation react to it(Nida and Taber,1969).
From what is mentioned above we can see that two famous scholars clearly point
out the basic procedures of translation:that of comprehension of SL,and that of
reproduction of meaning of SL through TL.However,it is a pity that they both fail to
include the crucial role culture elements play in getting meaning across when
explaining the process of translation.In English,there are many words whose
denotations are completely new to a Chinese student of English.As a matter of fact,
the things these words denote do not exist in Chinese culture at all.Such words often
leave him in a haze though he is likely to turn to an English-Chinese dictionary for
help.One example would suffice:cowgirls,even if he can recognize its rendition as
“牛女”,he is still all at sea as to who these cowgirls are,only someone with a good
knowledge of the American history of the wild west during their pioneering days is
able to identify this complex cultural term.The denotative meaning for cowgirls is
merely “kids herding cattle”.However,what this word connotes is the rich and
colorful life and romantic,adventurous,courageous spirit characterizing the cowboys
of America.Whenever the word is referred to,a scene of some kids riding on cows in
a wide stretch of pastureland in the days of the wild west will spread out before us if
we have in mind the specific cultural schemata about American history of westward
exploration.Similarly in Chinese the expression “老黄牛” is a term loaded with
Chinese agricultural culture..People from other countries will at most recognize its
denotative meaning as a kind of cattle which can be used for quite a long time without
sufficient knowledge of Chinese culture.Actually,this expression connotes our
appreciation of those immersing themselves in hard work,of the down-to-earth andCULTURAL CONNOTATIONS OF IDIOMS AND THEIR TRANSLATION

根据奈达,分析是每一个决定翻译的第一步
意义的SL.该转让步骤涉及从思想转变
SL（即X）以热释光（Y）的.调整结构就是一个深刻的结构转型成
表面结构的热释光（Y）的.除了上述三个步骤,奈达
认为,另一个重要步骤的测试也应该包括在翻译
过程中他的翻译理论与实践的步骤,它不仅涉及一
对比分析两种文本,而且是分析如何使潜在的受体
翻译反应,因此（奈达和泰伯,1969年）.
什么是我们从上面可以看到,两个著名的学者明确提出上述
从翻译的基本程序：即对SL的理解,而中
繁殖SL的意义,通过热释光.然而,可惜的是他们都没有
包括文化要素的重要作用得到全面发挥时的含义
解释了翻译的过程.在英语中,有许多的话
外延是完全陌生的英文中文的学生.由于事实上,
这些事情的话表示不存在中华文化的.常常听到这样的话
他留在一个阴霾,但他很可能会转向一英汉字典
帮助.一个例子就足够：女牛仔,即使他能认识到它作为移交
“牛女”,他仍然是所有在海上就谁是这些女牛仔,只有一个人具有良好的
在美国西部的野生历史知识在他们的创业天
能够识别这种复杂的文化术语.对于女牛仔外延意义
仅仅是“孩子们放牧牛”.然而,这个词意味着什么,是丰富和
多彩的生活和浪漫,冒险,勇敢的精神表征牛仔
美国.每当这个词是指,一些在孩子骑在牛场景
一牧场在狂野的西部宽阔舒展的日子将在我们面前展开,如果
我们在考虑有关美国历史的西进具体的文化图式
探索.同样,在中国的表现“老黄牛”装有一个术语
中国农耕文化. .来自其他国家的人会承认其在最
作为一种外延式的意义,可以在相当长的时间没有使用牛类
充分认识中华文化.其实,这意味着我们的表达
赞赏地沉浸在自己的辛勤工作,对成语及其翻译扎实表演艺术及内涵意义