minimum wage的英译汉

minimum wage的英译汉
Debates about the minimum wage tend to center on the relative magnitudes of its redistributive benefits and unemployment costs.The debate about the employment effects of the minimum wage has been especially heated.Brown (1999) and Neumark and Wascher (2007) give comprehensive overviews of the debate on the possible employment cost
of the minimum wage.
However,the costs of the minimum wage are not necessarily limited to unemployment.The minimum wage also interferes with the allocative function of the labor market,which could lead to an inefficient allocation of workers to jobs .Even if the increase in the minimum wage has no impact on total employment,it can cause inefficient rationing.This happens if workers who were unwilling to work at the old and lower minimum wage end up in jobs that otherwise would have been filled by
workers of the same skill level who are willing to work at the old minimum wage.In this case,workers with reservation wages below the old minimum wage are displaced by workers with reservation wages above the old minimum wage.The deadweight loss of such inefficient rationing is equal to the difference between the reservation wages of these two types of workers and,as Glaeser and Luttmer (2003) point out,this deadweight loss is typically a first-order loss.In practice,of course,the
minimum wage can also affect the level of employment.As explained in more detail in Section below,the extent to which the minimum wage induces inefficient rationing can be inferred from changes in reservation wages after controlling for the change in reservation wages that can be accounted for by the change in employment.Because the minimum wage is only binding for a relatively small group of unskilled individuals,it is necessary to identify these individuals accurately in order to obtain precise estimates of minimum wage effects.
Over time,however,the wage that a person with a constant skill level earns may change for many reasons,such as changes in technology or in the minimum wage.Thus,to use the wage as a measure of skill,it is important to net out these state-specific changes in the returns to skill.While the lack of evidence of inefficient rationing bears favorably on using the minimum wage as an instrument for income redistribution,the estimates of the employment effects of the minimum wage suggest caution.
I find that employment among the unskilled drops significantly in states where the minimum wage had the greatest impact.This loss in employment seems to be largely offset by a gain in employment among the low-skilled.Hence,while total employment may not be significantly affected,some of the least skilled members of society are likely to be hurt
by the minimum wage.

这篇文章主要讲的是：
法定最低工资线的调整对于就业,市场劳动力资源分配的影响.
翻译如下：
有关法定最低工资线的争论主要围绕于利益的再分配和因失业所带来的损失的比较方面.有关最低工资所带来的就业问题的争论尤其激烈.Brown,Neumark和Wascher分别于1999年和2007年对于此争论发表了全面的看法和观点.
其实,最低工资线所带来的影响并非局限于对失业的影响,它还会影响劳动力市场的配置效率,进而引起就业市场配置的低效率.虽然提升最低工资并不会对整个就业市场有很大影响,但是它的提高有可能导致劳动力资源分配失调.比如说某些工人他们不愿意在目前旧的而且较低的工资底薪下工作,那么另一方面就必然会有那些拥有同等技能的而且愿意在目前这种旧制的底薪下提供劳务的人来完成这项工作.
在这个例子中,愿意接受较低保留工资的工人会被保留工资较高的工人所取代.这样的资源分配失调所带来的损失值等于这两种保留工资的差额.正如Glaeser和Luttmer在2003所指出的一样,这种损失是劳动力市场上典型的一级资源损失.当然在现实中最低工资的变动还是会对就业情况有所影响的.在下面的章节将会详细介绍：由于最低工资线的调整会影响劳动力分配效率,这就解释了最低工资线的调整幅度为什么会影响就业市场的变动.由于最低工资问题仅仅和少数工作能力不足的人有关,所以尽可能准确辨认出这些人并且精确计算最低工资所带来的影响是很有必要的.
然而从长久来看,任何人凭借自身的技能所挣来的工资都会因很多因素的改变而改变,例如科技的进步和法定最低工资制度的改变.所以,如果要想将薪酬作为劳动技能的衡量标准,那么就一定要剔除这些法定的调整（最低工资调整）并回归到技能本位.由于缺少证据能够说明劳动力资源分配的失调是否承担了将最低工资作为调节收入分配的一种工具,所以由最低工资线的调整对就业情况影响的评估工作和结果是值得进行和注意的.
我所发现的是,在由最低工资线的调整而有很大影响的地区,工作技能不足的工人的失业率会大大提升,并且这样的损失似乎在很大程度上被大量涌入的、工作能力不足的工人们所抵消.因此,尽管整个就业情况并没有受到大的影响,但社会上一些工作技能不足的工人却有可能成为了最低工资制度的受害者.