英语翻译二、中餐菜单英译的基本原则菜肴名称首先表现为信息功能,这是传递原料、配料、烹调方法等信息的过程.菜单作为餐厅商品

英语翻译
二、中餐菜单英译的基本原则
菜肴名称首先表现为信息功能,这是传递原
料、配料、烹调方法等信息的过程.菜单作为餐厅
商品广告之一,具有吸引顾客、推销产品的目的.
中国菜肴的命名多富于艺术性,为了提升菜肴的品
位和档次,许多菜名文化蕴含丰富,牵涉到人名、
地名、动物名称以及自然景色等.基于此,菜名的
翻译要跨越中西方语言和文化上的双重障碍.想要
让西方人理解并接受中国菜名,翻译时必须遵循一
些相关的原则.
1 、避免文化冲突
中餐菜名为了吉祥,借用了一些不能食用的物
品或西方人忌讳食用的动物名,翻译是应按原料名
直译,如果原料本身是西方人忌讳的,则可省略不
译.如“翡翠鱼翅”中的翡翠不过是起装饰作用的
新鲜蔬菜而已.再如“红烧狮子头”,是由肉丸滚
上糯米而成,因为像毛发竖立的狮子头而得名.又
如“脆皮乳鸽”,将象征着和平的鸽子烹而食之,
也是西方人不能接受的,所以最好将其略过.
2 、避虚就实原则
中华菜名除了其直接的所指意义外,还有的包
括着丰富的联想意义,形成了菜名的又一特色.中
华菜名讲究美的传递,但是鉴于中西方各自的文化
背景所产生的不同的联想效果,翻译中可避虚求
实,采用转译或者意译.例如,百鸟归巢这道菜,
实际上是鸡腿、猪肉、鹌鹑蛋加上竹笋丝的组合,
鸡腿、猪肉、鹌鹑蛋象征“百鸟”,竹笋丝象征
“巢”.若要对等翻译,解释上要下一定的工夫,且
不符合译名的规范.因此最好根据菜名组合译为
chicken and pork wi th egg and bamboo shoot .一些
“文化菜名”寓意深远,相当部分是不可译的,所
以通常只译实名.此外,在中国传统文化中,一些
赋予深刻象征意义的高贵植物和晶莹透亮的玉石被
用来为一些色泽鲜艳、赏心悦目的菜肴冠名.人们
常用“芙蓉”代表蛋清,把豆腐比作白玉,青豆比
作翡翠,但是这种高雅的联想与另一种语言文化是
无法相融的,英译的原则只有实译.
总之,中餐菜名的英译应该借鉴中菜命名的艺
术手法,尽量反映中餐烹饪特色,对一些历史悠
久、流传广泛的菜肴在翻译后还可以附加说明,这
样既保留了菜名信息,又有助于引起食欲.

Second, the English translation of Chinese menu is the basic principle
Food terms first performance for information function, this is to transfer the original
Materials, ingredients, cooking method of the information such as process. The menu as dining-room
Advertisements, has attracted customers, one of the purpose of selling products.
China dishes naming more abound the artistry, in order to ascend dishes of products
Bits and grades, and many dishes culture contains rich, involving people's names,
Place names, animal name as well as the natural scenery, etc. Based on this, the dishes
Translation to transcend differences between Chinese and western languages and cultures in the double obstacles. Want to
Leave westerners understand and accept Chinese dishes, translation, we must follow a
Some relevant principles.
1, avoid cultural clashes
Chinese dishes to auspicious, borrowed some cannot edible things
Product or westerners taboo edible animal name, translation is should press materials name
Literal translation, if materials itself is western taboo, it needn't
Translation. Such as "the jadeite jade shark fin" is but an illuminative effect
Fresh vegetables are just. Be like again ", "is by 17 braise in soy sauce meat balls rolling
Rice and become, because like hair upright 17 paihuli. again
Such as "crispy pigeon", will symbolizes peace pigeons boil and food,
Also westerners cannot receive, so it's best to its slightly too.
2, avoid so as real principle
Chinese dishes except the direct significance outside, still have referred to pack
Enclose an abundance of associative meaning, formed the dishes is another feature. in
China dishes to be beautiful, but with a view to transfer between Chinese and western of their respective culture
Background generated by different association of effect in translation, to avoid virtual request
In reality, and using translated or free translation. For example, bird nest that dish.
Is actually chicken legs, pork, quail eggs with bamboo shoots wire combinations,
Chicken legs, pork, quail eggs symbol "bird", bamboo shoot silk symbol
"Nest". If want equivalence translation, explanation to the work, and under certain
Does not conform to the translation standard. It is therefore best dishes combination translated into according to
Wi th pork and chicken and bamboo shoot plants. some
"Culture dishes fable, quite part", which is untranslatability
In usually translates real name. In addition, in the traditional Chinese culture, some
Give deep symbolic significance of noble plants and shining brilliantly jade is
Used for some bright color, pleasing dishes named. people
Commonly used "lotus" representative egg white, white, green beans compared to the bean curd than
As hisui, but this kind of elegant associations and another language culture is
Cannot be in harmony, translation of principle only real translation.
Anyhow, the translation of Chinese dishes should learn from Chinese food named art
Art gimmick, try to reflect Chinese cooking characteristics, to some historical leisurely
The long, so popular dishes in translation after to still can add that this
Sample keeps dishes and be helpful to cause appetitive information.