作业帮 > 英语 > 作业

英语语法高手请进Words alone ,however,will not solve the problem.副词不能

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:搜狗做题网作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/05/31 17:08:39
英语语法高手请进
Words alone ,however,will not solve the problem.
副词不能修饰名词吧?呢么本句怎么解释好呢?Words (alone )
还有如题目:They have held three meeting this week _alone ____
这里面的alone有怎么去解释副词不能修饰名词?
英语语法高手请进Words alone ,however,will not solve the problem.副词不能
在汉语中,副词不能修饰名词.
刚才我找了找,关于这方面的资料有:
(1)adverb韦氏词典中的解释:
a word belonging to one of the major form classes in any of numerous languages, typically serving *【*as a modifier of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a preposition, a phrase, a clause, or a sentence*】*, expressing some relation of 【manner or quality, place, time, degree, number, cause, opposition, affirmation, or denial, and in English also serving to connect and to express comment on clause content】
【修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词、短语、从句、整句】,描述行为、性质、地点、时间、程度、数量、原因、对立、同意、否定,在英语中也可以连接从句、表达对从句的评价.
(2)Wikipedia的释义:
An adverb is a part of speech that usually serves to 【modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, clauses, and sentences】. Adverbs typically answer such questions as how?, when?, where?, in what way?, or how often? This function is called the adverbial function, and though typically taken up by adverbs, adverbials may also be realized by other forms, such as adverbial phrases or an adverbial clauses or other types of phrases or words that are not members of the adverb class.
修饰:动词、形容词、其他副词、从句、句子.
副词可以说明以下问题:如何、时间、地点、方法、频率.(后面说别的词性或表达也可以实现,云云.)
(3)在一些权威语法书上找到如是例句:
①The comrades 【here】 are all very kind to me.
②The 【above】 remarks are quite to the point.
③the 【now】 generation
④They will be here for 【quite】 some time.
(4)英国著名语言学家Randolph Quirck的《A Grammar of Contemporary English》在“Modifier of noun phrase”(名词短语的修饰)说:
“A very few adverbs premodify nouns within the noun phrase.”
(极少数副词可以前置修饰【名词短语中】的名词)
Some adverbs signifying place or time postmodify noun phrases.
(有些表示时间或地点的副词也可以后置修饰【名词短语】.)
In informal style, a few intensifiers may premodify noun phrases and precede the determiner in doing so. The most commom of these among adverbs are quite and (especially BrE) rather.
( 非正式文体中,一些强调词可以前置修饰【名词短语】,最普遍的词就是“quite”和“rather”(rather主要是在英式英语中))
通过以上的考证可以得到:
(1)从美国人写的英文定义来看,副词并没有提到修饰"noun",但是,两个字典,前者说"typically",后者说"usually",没有说绝对,留了一个缺口.
(2)从最后一条可以看出,副词的修饰只有在【名词短语】中才可以,这是一个限制,但也承认了它的存在.
(3)例句肯定是对的,合理的解释是这样的 :
【above】【now】此类很多很多,就是普遍被认为副词的词,已经有了形容词的词性.在绝大多数字典中,在名词前的用法,早已归类为形容词.
【here】和【there】还是去看了韦氏(韦氏词典是公认的美国最权威词典),关于这个词的副词性的描述就不说了,而与我们相关的有: (说明,这个词条的here,与作为正常副词的here是两个词条,一个上标1,一个上标2,因为两者的“function”前面一个是adverb,后面一个是adjective,但词性都是adv.)词条释义:
used for emphasis especially after a demonstrative pronoun or after a noun modified by a demonstrative adjective
翻译: 用来强调.特别用于:【指示代词(即this that these those)】之后面; 或【被指示代词修饰的名词】后面.举了个例子就是this book here.
只有这一种情况!
【quite】韦氏中释义:(adv.)其中有条2 : to an extreme : POSITIVELY ― often used as an intensifier with a 就是说:在强调语气的时候,quite 和a 连用,【quite a】可以修饰名词.也是只有这一种情况!
以上是最主要的比较有代表性的典型例子.除去此类例子的现象,我想,判断的时候首先考虑它有没有形容词词性,如果没有再看它修饰的到底是不是名词.
下面看你的具体句子:
我想说的是,alone是一个形容词,它主要是形容词,相反,它的副词词性倒是很少见.
韦氏词典中关于alone的词条,词性定义为:,然而与here的词条相似,下面又列出一个单独的作为function为“adverb”但词性仍为adj的词条,只有2个解释:
1 : SOLELY, EXCLUSIVELY
2 : without aid or support
其他情形,一律是形容词.关于形容词的用法:
1 : separated from others : ISOLATED
2 : exclusive of anyone or anything else : ONLY
3 a : considered without reference to any other
b : INCOMPARABLE, UNIQUE
全是形容词.
【Words alone , however, will not solve the problem.】是属于形容词中第3a条的情形
对于 【They have held three meeting this week alone.】还是3a.
至于alone为什么总放在名词后面,那也是它作为形容词的特性,就是不愿意在前面作定语,只在后面做定语.但是放在后面修饰名词,也是形容词.
(对于韦氏字典里的function,应该是指它在除词性之外可以取得的语法功能,正如第(2)条维基百科释义中,第三行介绍了什么是adverbial function (=adverb function)),同样也可以找到什么是adjective function.

总之,副词间接地修饰名词短语,这应该是一种“引申”用法,或者说一种“活用”现象,不常见,有特点,而且很特殊,有限制.大的原则还是,副词不修饰名词.
对词性迷糊的时候,最好多查字典,一本英英字典是要比英汉字典有用多了.因为有的编写字典的中国人,他们自己都一知半解,所以汉语字典不可全信.