搜狗做题网仁爱英语八下Unite5-6重点句子
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仁爱英语八下Unite5-6重点句子
Review (Unit 5—Unit 6)
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一周强化
一、一周知识概述
1．复习和巩固第五单元和第六单元的重点单词、词组和句型.
2．复习和巩固系动词的用法.
3．复习和巩固原因状语从句、时间状语从句、条件状语从句的用法.
4．掌握同级比较用法.
5．复习和巩固使役动词的用法以及方位介词的用法.
6．复习和巩固动词不定式的用法.
二、重点搭配复习
1．look excited 看起来很兴奋
2．Guess what! 猜猜看!
3．invite sb. (to sw.) 邀请某人（到……）
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做……
4．go to the movie 去看电影
5．say thanks to sb. 向某人表示感谢
say hello to sb. 向某人问好
say good-bye to sb. 向某人告别
say sorry to sb. 向某人道歉
6．How nice! 太好了!
7．What a shame! 真可惜!
8．a ticket for/to sth. ……的票/入场券
9．Beijing Opera = Peking Opera 京剧
10．be proud of 以……为骄傲（take pride in）
11．seem worried 看起来担忧
seem to do sth. 看起来/似乎做某事
seems(seemed) + that (as if)… 看起来……,看样子……
12．be pleased with… 对……感到满意
13．set the table 摆放餐具
14．be able to do sth. 有能力做……,会做……
15．have a temperature 发烧
16．I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切顺利.
17．ring up sb. = telephone sb. = phone sb. = call sb. 打电话给某人
18．because of 因为,由于（介词短语）
19．cheer up 使……振奋起来,使……高兴起来
20．What … for? 为什么……?（相当于Why）
21．fall into 掉进,落入
22．in the end 最后,终于（相当于at last）
23．come into being 诞生,形成
24．be full of 装满,充满（相当于be filled with）
25．be popular with… 受……欢迎
26．agree with 同意
agree on 取得一致意见
agree to do sth. 约定做……,同意做……
27．end with… 以……结尾
begin with… 以……开头
28．be sorry to do sth. 很抱歉做某事
29．be strict with 对……要求严格
30．have a talk with sb. 和……交谈
31．be lost 丢失,迷路
32．send sth. to sb. = send sb. sth. 把某物寄给某人
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. 把某物给某人
pass sth. to sb. = pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
33．Take it easy. 别紧张,别着急.
34．try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try not to do sth. 尽量不做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
35．fail the exam = not pass the exam 考试不及格
fail to do sth. 失败、未能（做到）某事
36．at one’s age 在……年龄时
37．make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
38．I’m sure… 我相信……
be sure + that 从句 确信……
be sure of + 名词 对……有把握
be sure to do sth. 一定会……
make sure 确保,弄清楚
39．There, there! 好啦,好啦!
40．Would you please…? ……好吗?
41．make a suggestion 提建议
42．How time flies! 时间过得真快啊!
43．What’s more… 此外,而且
44．not as/so…as… 不如……,和……不一样……
45．fall asleep = be asleep 入睡,睡着
46．as usual 像平常一样
47．be used to sth. 习惯,适应
get/be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
48．be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕（做）某事
be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事（可与be afraid of doing sth.互换）
49．deal with 处理,解决
50．go mad 发疯
51．refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
52．be angry with sb. 生某人的气
53．even though 即使
54．not…any longer 不再（相当于no longer）
not…any more = no more
不再（指程度上或坐某事的次数不再增加,多与短暂性动词连用）
55．take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
56．study/learn (sth.) by oneself = teacher oneself (sth.) 自学
57．give sb. a speech 做报告,做演讲
58．get along (well) with sb./sth. ……进展/相处好
59．in a bad mood 心情糟糕
in a good mood 心情愉快
in good health 健康状况良好
60．smile at life 笑对人生
61．give sb. a surprise = give a surprise to sb. 给某人一个惊喜
62．put on 上映,放映；穿上,戴上
take off 脱掉,脱下
63．in good spirits 心情好
64．make a decision 做决定
make a good/bad decision 做出一个好的（坏的）决定
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
decide on/upon 聚顶,选定
65．think … over 仔细考虑,慎重考虑
think about 想,考虑
think of 想起,认为
66．go on a visit to… 去……旅游/参观
67．find out 发现,找出真相
68．look for 寻找（有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作）
69．the best way to do sth. 做……的最好方式
70．see the sunrise 看日出
71．raise money 募捐,筹款
72．make a room reservation 预定房间
73．come up with 想出,产生；赶上
74．look forward to 期待,盼望（to为介词）
75．hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. = receive a letter from sb.
收到……的来信
76．You bet! 当然,的确.
77．the Ming Tombs 十三陵
78．spread over 蔓延,拖延
79．mark the beginning of… 标志着……的开始
80．in the old days 在古代
81．be surprised at… 对……感到惊奇
82．step on sth. 踏、踩某物
83．out of sight 看不见
84．can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
85．be satisfied with… 对……感到满意
86．a little more confident 有点自信
87．slow down 减速
88．to avoid hitting the truck 为了避免撞到卡车
89．run into 撞到,碰到
90．have a break 休息
91．warn sb. to do sth. 警告/提醒某人做某事
warn sb. not to do sth. 警告/提醒某人不要做某事
warn sb. about sth. 警告/提醒某人某事
92．on the left-hand side of the road = on the left of the road
在马路左边
on the right-hand side of the road = on the right of the road
在马路右边
93．around the world 全世界
94．in one’s life 在一生中
95．ride into 进入,跻身于
96．International Cycling Union 国际自行车联合会
三、语法复习
1．系动词的用法
连系动词也叫系动词,是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词.它本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质,特征等.系动词主要有：be, look, feel, become, get, turn, seem, sound, taste, smell, grow, appear等.
常见的连系动词可分为以下五类：
（1）表示“是”的系动词be,用来表示主语的特征、状态或性质.
e.g.He is a doctor.
他是位医生.
We are in the classroom.
我们在教室里.
Li Ming is very happy.
李明很高兴.
（2）表示保持一种状态或态度的连系动词,如：keep, stay, remain等.
e.g.Keep still while I’m taking a picture of you.
我给你照相时别乱动.
The bar often stays open to twelve at night.
这家酒吧经常营业到晚上12点.
（3）表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态的连系动词,如：become, get, grow, turn, go等.
e.g.I became a teacher when I grew up.
我长大后成为一名教师.
The weather gets warmer and warmer.
天气变得越来越暖和了.
The leaves turn green in spring.
春天叶子变绿了.
（4）表示“看起来”的连系动词,如：look, seem, appear.
e.g.She looked very happy today.
今天她看起来很高兴.
Her father seems a serious man.
他父亲似乎是个严肃的人.
Everybody appears well prepared.
大家看上去都做了充分的准备.
（5）表示其他感官感觉到的系动词,如：feel（摸起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）, sound（听起来）.
e.g.Silk feels soft.
丝绸摸起来很柔软.
The apple tastes fine.
这个苹果吃起来味道很好.
The idea sounds great.
这主意听起来不错.
The flowers smell very sweet.
这些花闻起来很香.
2．状语从句
状语从句是在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或者整个主句的句子.状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在状语从句中不充当句子成分.状语从句可分为时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、比较、方式、地点状语从句和让步状语从句.
（1）由从属连词when引导的时间状语从句.when意为“当……的时侯”,when既可以表示一段时间,一个持续性的动作,也可以表示时间的一个点,一个短暂性的动作.主、从句的动作可以同时发生,从句的动作也可发生在主句之前或之后.
e.g.Tom went to work in the factory when he was 14 years old.
当Tom14岁时,他去一个工厂工作.
Mr. Brown had already left when I got to his office.
当我到达布朗先生办公室时他已经离开了.
I was watching TV when my mother came back.
当我妈妈回来时我正在看电视.
（2）由until引导的时间状语从句.until／till意为“直到……”,主句的谓语动词必须是持续性动词,而且主从句的谓语动词都用肯定式.“not…until…”表示“直到……才……”时,主句的谓语动词必须是非持续性动词,而且主句用否定式,从句用肯定式.
e.g.I didn't go to bed until my mother came back home.
直到我妈妈回家我才去睡觉.
（3）由as soon as和since引导的时间状语从句.as soon as意为“一……就……”,一般主句的谓语动词用将来时时,从句的谓语动词用现在时.since意为“自从……以来”,通常从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.
e.g.I'll let you know as soon as he comes back.
他一回来我就会让你知道.
Mr. Read has taught in that school since he left Canada in 1988.
自从Read先生从1988年离开加拿大以来就一直在那个学校教书.
（4）由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来时间.例如：
e.g.We'll have a sports meeting if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨,我们将会开运动会.
（5）由because,as,since引导的原因状语从句.because的语气最强烈,通常用来回答why提出的问句.because引导的原因状语从句经常放在主句之后；since的语气比because弱,陈述的理由往往是对方所知道的,译作“既然”；as的语气最弱,只是附带较明显的原因或理由,as引导的从句常放在主句之前,说明原因或理由,后面的主句说明结果,主从句所表达的内容同等重要.
e.g.As it was dark, we stopped working.
由于天黑了,我们停止工作.
Since no one is against it, we'll do that.
因为没人反对,那我们就做吧.
Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday because she was ill.
贝蒂昨天没去看电影,因为她生病了.
（6）比较状语从句由than,as…as,not as（so）…as来引导,从句中往往省去与主句相同的成分.例如：My brother is younger than I．He worked as fast as an old worker．
（7）表示结果：so that,so…that,such…that其中so是副词,后接副词或形容词,such是形容词,后接名词或名词短语.
e.g.The old man was so weak that he couldn’t get on the train.
那位老人太虚弱了,以至于上不了火车.
It’s such an important match that we can’t miss it.
这个比赛如此重要,我们决不能输.
（8）让步状语从句由though,although引导
though表示“尽管”,“虽然”,引导让步状语从句,可以放在主句前或主句后.注意用though就不能用but,用but就不能再用 though.
e.g.This TV set is too dear though it gives you a better picture.
虽然这台电视的图像很好,但是也太贵了.
这句可以改为：It gives you a better picture, but this TV is too dear.
又如：He is rich, but he isn't happy.
Though he is very young, he knows several languages.
（9）表示目的的状语从句：so that.
e.g.He borrowed the money so that he could send his son to school.
他借钱,这样他就能送儿子去上学了.
3．形容词的同级比较
大多数形容词(性质形容词)有比较等级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别,原级即形容词的原形.形容词的同级比较结构：
（1）肯定句的句式结构.
A＋be＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B：表示A、B两者比较程度相同,即“A和B一样……”.
e.g.This film is as interesting as that one.
这部电影和那部电影一样有趣.
（2）否定式的句式结构.
A＋be＋not＋as/so＋形容词原级＋as＋B：表示A、B两者程度不同,即“A不如B那么……”.
e.g.Spring is not as/so cold as winter.
春天不像冬天那么冷.
Chinese is not as/so hard as English.
汉语不如英语难.
（3）表示倍数,如“一半/两倍/三倍/四倍/……”用“half/twice/three/four/…times＋as…as…”结构.
e.g.You are not half as clever as you think you are.
你还没你自认为的一半聪明.
We got three times as many people as we expected.
来的人的数目是我们预期的三倍.
4．使役动词的用法
所谓“使役“,就是叫别人去做事情.常见的使役动词有let, make, have, get等,加了宾语后,可用动词原形或不定式短语(to+动词原形)作宾语补足语.
e.g.Father makes me wash the car tomorrow afternoon.
爸爸让我明天下午洗车.
Mr. Wang let them sit there yesterday.
昨天王老师让他们坐在那儿.
这几个动词在句子中的具体用法如下：
（1）let意为“允许,让”,无被动语态,其后常跟复合宾语,由不带to的动词不定式、副词、介词短语等作它的宾语补足语.
e.g.Mother let me go to camp.
母亲让我去露营.
His father doesn’t let him smoke.
他父亲不让他吸烟.
Your mother is tired. Let her alone.
你妈累了,别打扰她.
注意：let’s与let us有区别,let’s包括说话者和听话者,意为“咱们”.let us仅包括说话者,而不包括听话者,意为“让我们”.
e.g.Let’s go home, shall we?
咱们回家,好吗?(包括说话者和听话者)
Let us go home, will you?
请让我们回家吧,好吗?(不包括听话者)
（2）make后面也常常跟复合宾语,由名词、形容词、不带to的动词不定式、过去分词、介词短语等作宾补.
e.g.They made him captain. （make + object + n.）
他们选他当队长.
He made us laugh. （make + object + v.）
他使我们大笑.
The news made him sad. （make + object +adj.）
那个消息使他难过.
Make yourself at home. （make + object +prep-phrase.）
就像在家一样,别客气.
make与let有区别,make作使役动词含有强制的意味,而let则由宾语的自主意识决定.
e.g.He made me drink it.
他强制我喝下它.
He let me drink it.
他让我喝下它.
（3）have是“使,命令,让”的意思,其后可带复合宾语,不带to的动词不定式、过去分词、形容词等可以作它的宾语补足语.常见的句式有：have sb. do sth.让某人做某事；have sth. done请某人干某事；have sb. +形容词,让某人保持或处于某一状态.
e.g.I had my son go instead.
我让我儿子代我去.
Have him do it.
让他去做吧.
We had the machine repaired.
我们请人把机器修好了.
You must have yourself happy.
你必须得让你自己高兴起来.
（4）get也可用作使役动词,它有两种用法.
① get sb. to do sth. 让某人帮做某事
e.g.The boss got the girl to type the letter for him.
老板让这女孩帮他打印那封信.
Dad got me to wash his car.
爸爸让我帮他洗车.
② get后亦可与have一样,后接过去分词作宾语补足语,构成“get+宾语+过去分词”结构,意为“把……(被)……”.
e.g.I got my hair cut yesterday.
我昨天去理发了.
She got her computer fixed.
她把她的电脑修理好了.
5．动词不定式的用法
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种.所谓非谓语动词就是不能做谓语,没有人称和数的变化.不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成.to只是不定式的一个符号,没有任何实际意义.另外,动词不定式具有动词的性质,可以带宾语和状语,不定式加上它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.而且不定式可以作除谓语以外的其他句子成分.具体用法如下：
（1）作宾语
动词不定式作及物动词的宾语,常用的及物动词有：begin, want, hope, forget, remember, like, love, need, try, ask, learn, wish, agree, choose, start, plan, decide, refuse等.
e.g.I began to learn French.
我开始学法语了.
The old man always forgets what to do.
那位老人总是忘记要做什么.
Liu Mei wants to ask the teacher a question.
刘媚想问老师一个问题.
句中to learn French, what to do, to ask the teacher a question分别作谓语动词began,forgets,wants的宾语.
（2）作宾语补足语
e.g.Tell the child not to play on the road.
告诉孩子们不要在马路上玩.
My father told me to turn the TV up.
我父亲叫我把电视音量调大一些.
I often help my mother (to) do housework at home.
我经常在家帮助妈妈做家务.
句中not to play on the road, to turn the TV up, (to)do housework at home分别作tell,told,help的宾语补足语.
注意：
① 作动词ask, tell, want, order, invite, wish, allow, teach等的宾补时,动词不定式要带to.
e.g.Can you ask Tom to speak more slowly?
你能叫汤姆说慢点吗?
② 表示感官和使役的动词let, make, listen to, feel, hear, see, watch等,作这些动词的宾补时, 动词不定式不带to.
e.g.My parents don’t let me swim in the river.
我父母不让我在河里游泳.
③ 作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式可带to,也可以不带.
e.g.Could you help me (to) do the cooking this afternoon?
今天下午你能帮我做饭吗?
He can’t help me (to) mend my bike.
他不能帮我修理自行车.
（3）作主语
常用it作为形式主语,而往往将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后.
e.g.It’s hard to answer your question.
回答你的问题很难.
该句也可说成：To answer your question is hard.
注：① 如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可在不定式前加一个for sb.,作不定式的逻辑主语.
e.g.It’s difficult for us to finish the work.
对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难.
② 如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, good, clever, polite, careful, careless, foolish等描述行为者本身的性格、品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加of sb.,做逻辑主语.
e.g.It’s very kind of you to help me.
你帮我真是太好了.
两种结构还有一个区别,在of sb.结构中,可用sb.直接作主语来改写句子.试比较：
e.g.It’s kind of you to give me the book.
=You are kind to give me the book.
你给我这本书,真是太好了.
for sb.结构是不可以这样转换的.
e.g.We are difficult to finish the work.(×)
（4）作状语
① 作目的状语
e.g.He ran so fast to catch the first bus.
他跑这么快是为了赶上第一趟班车.
I come here only to say goodbye to you.
我来这仅仅是为了向你告别.
② 作结果状语
e.g.They were too excited to say a word.
他太激动了以致说不出话来了.
③ 作原因状语
e.g.She wouldn’t be so silly to do that.
她不会傻到去做那件事的.
（5）作表语
① 主语是不定式（表示条件）,表语是不定式（表示结果）.
e.g.To work means to make a living.
工作意味着谋生.
② 主语是duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等名词为中心的短语,或是以what引导的名词性从句,不定式短语对主语起补充说明的作用.
e.g.The most important thing is to save the boy first.
最重要的事情是先救那个男孩.
（6）作定语
动词不定式作定语时,总是后置.当被修饰的词是它的逻辑宾语时,则不定式动词必须是及物的.如果不定式是不及物动词,就要用必要的介词,使其构成及物的短语动词.
e.g.—Shopping with me!
跟我一块去购物吧!
—Sorry. I have a lot of clothes to wash.
对不起.我有很多衣服要洗.
此处wash与被修饰的名词clothes有动宾关系.
e.g.He gave me an interesting book to read.
他给我一本有趣的书看.
如果动词不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词.
e.g.He wants to find a chair to sit on.
他想找把椅子坐.
注：下列词语后常接动词不定式作定语.
chance, wish, time, way, the first, need, the only, the second, the last, right, promise等.
e.g.He has no time to see the film.
他没有时间去看电影.
（7）动词不定式的否定形式：其否定形式是在不定式前加not.
e.g.I decided not to ask him again.
我决定不再问他了.
（8）动词不定式短语可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when等连用.
e.g.I don’t know what to do.
我不知道该做什么.
Could you tell me where to buy the scarf?
你能告诉我去哪儿买围巾吗?
希望对你有帮助谢谢!望采纳!
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一周强化
一、一周知识概述
1．复习和巩固第五单元和第六单元的重点单词、词组和句型.
2．复习和巩固系动词的用法.
3．复习和巩固原因状语从句、时间状语从句、条件状语从句的用法.
4．掌握同级比较用法.
5．复习和巩固使役动词的用法以及方位介词的用法.
6．复习和巩固动词不定式的用法.
二、重点搭配复习
1．look excited 看起来很兴奋
2．Guess what! 猜猜看!
3．invite sb. (to sw.) 邀请某人（到……）
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做……
4．go to the movie 去看电影
5．say thanks to sb. 向某人表示感谢
say hello to sb. 向某人问好
say good-bye to sb. 向某人告别
say sorry to sb. 向某人道歉
6．How nice! 太好了!
7．What a shame! 真可惜!
8．a ticket for/to sth. ……的票/入场券
9．Beijing Opera = Peking Opera 京剧
10．be proud of 以……为骄傲（take pride in）
11．seem worried 看起来担忧
seem to do sth. 看起来/似乎做某事
seems(seemed) + that (as if)… 看起来……,看样子……
12．be pleased with… 对……感到满意
13．set the table 摆放餐具
14．be able to do sth. 有能力做……,会做……
15．have a temperature 发烧
16．I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切顺利.
17．ring up sb. = telephone sb. = phone sb. = call sb. 打电话给某人
18．because of 因为,由于（介词短语）
19．cheer up 使……振奋起来,使……高兴起来
20．What … for? 为什么……?（相当于Why）
21．fall into 掉进,落入
22．in the end 最后,终于（相当于at last）
23．come into being 诞生,形成
24．be full of 装满,充满（相当于be filled with）
25．be popular with… 受……欢迎
26．agree with 同意
agree on 取得一致意见
agree to do sth. 约定做……,同意做……
27．end with… 以……结尾
begin with… 以……开头
28．be sorry to do sth. 很抱歉做某事
29．be strict with 对……要求严格
30．have a talk with sb. 和……交谈
31．be lost 丢失,迷路
32．send sth. to sb. = send sb. sth. 把某物寄给某人
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. 把某物给某人
pass sth. to sb. = pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
33．Take it easy. 别紧张,别着急.
34．try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try not to do sth. 尽量不做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
35．fail the exam = not pass the exam 考试不及格
fail to do sth. 失败、未能（做到）某事
36．at one’s age 在……年龄时
37．make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
38．I’m sure… 我相信……
be sure + that 从句 确信……
be sure of + 名词 对……有把握
be sure to do sth. 一定会……
make sure 确保,弄清楚
39．There, there! 好啦,好啦!
40．Would you please…? ……好吗?
41．make a suggestion 提建议
42．How time flies! 时间过得真快啊!
43．What’s more… 此外,而且
44．not as/so…as… 不如……,和……不一样……
45．fall asleep = be asleep 入睡,睡着
46．as usual 像平常一样
47．be used to sth. 习惯,适应
get/be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
48．be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕（做）某事
be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事（可与be afraid of doing sth.互换）
49．deal with 处理,解决
50．go mad 发疯
51．refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
52．be angry with sb. 生某人的气
53．even though 即使
54．not…any longer 不再（相当于no longer）
not…any more = no more
不再（指程度上或坐某事的次数不再增加,多与短暂性动词连用）
55．take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
56．study/learn (sth.) by oneself = teacher oneself (sth.) 自学
57．give sb. a speech 做报告,做演讲
58．get along (well) with sb./sth. ……进展/相处好
59．in a bad mood 心情糟糕
in a good mood 心情愉快
in good health 健康状况良好
60．smile at life 笑对人生
61．give sb. a surprise = give a surprise to sb. 给某人一个惊喜
62．put on 上映,放映；穿上,戴上
take off 脱掉,脱下
63．in good spirits 心情好
64．make a decision 做决定
make a good/bad decision 做出一个好的（坏的）决定
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
decide on/upon 聚顶,选定
65．think … over 仔细考虑,慎重考虑
think about 想,考虑
think of 想起,认为
66．go on a visit to… 去……旅游/参观
67．find out 发现,找出真相
68．look for 寻找（有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作）
69．the best way to do sth. 做……的最好方式
70．see the sunrise 看日出
71．raise money 募捐,筹款
72．make a room reservation 预定房间
73．come up with 想出,产生；赶上
74．look forward to 期待,盼望（to为介词）
75．hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. = receive a letter from sb.
收到……的来信
76．You bet! 当然,的确.
77．the Ming Tombs 十三陵
78．spread over 蔓延,拖延
79．mark the beginning of… 标志着……的开始
80．in the old days 在古代
81．be surprised at… 对……感到惊奇
82．step on sth. 踏、踩某物
83．out of sight 看不见
84．can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
85．be satisfied with… 对……感到满意
86．a little more confident 有点自信
87．slow down 减速
88．to avoid hitting the truck 为了避免撞到卡车
89．run into 撞到,碰到
90．have a break 休息
91．warn sb. to do sth. 警告/提醒某人做某事
warn sb. not to do sth. 警告/提醒某人不要做某事
warn sb. about sth. 警告/提醒某人某事
92．on the left-hand side of the road = on the left of the road
在马路左边
on the right-hand side of the road = on the right of the road
在马路右边
93．around the world 全世界
94．in one’s life 在一生中
95．ride into 进入,跻身于
96．International Cycling Union 国际自行车联合会
三、语法复习
1．系动词的用法
连系动词也叫系动词,是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词.它本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质,特征等.系动词主要有：be, look, feel, become, get, turn, seem, sound, taste, smell, grow, appear等.
常见的连系动词可分为以下五类：
（1）表示“是”的系动词be,用来表示主语的特征、状态或性质.
e.g.He is a doctor.
他是位医生.
We are in the classroom.
我们在教室里.
Li Ming is very happy.
李明很高兴.
（2）表示保持一种状态或态度的连系动词,如：keep, stay, remain等.
e.g.Keep still while I’m taking a picture of you.
我给你照相时别乱动.
The bar often stays open to twelve at night.
这家酒吧经常营业到晚上12点.
（3）表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态的连系动词,如：become, get, grow, turn, go等.
e.g.I became a teacher when I grew up.
我长大后成为一名教师.
The weather gets warmer and warmer.
天气变得越来越暖和了.
The leaves turn green in spring.
春天叶子变绿了.
（4）表示“看起来”的连系动词,如：look, seem, appear.
e.g.She looked very happy today.
今天她看起来很高兴.
Her father seems a serious man.
他父亲似乎是个严肃的人.
Everybody appears well prepared.
大家看上去都做了充分的准备.
（5）表示其他感官感觉到的系动词,如：feel（摸起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）, sound（听起来）.
e.g.Silk feels soft.
丝绸摸起来很柔软.
The apple tastes fine.
这个苹果吃起来味道很好.
The idea sounds great.
这主意听起来不错.
The flowers smell very sweet.
这些花闻起来很香.
2．状语从句
状语从句是在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或者整个主句的句子.状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在状语从句中不充当句子成分.状语从句可分为时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、比较、方式、地点状语从句和让步状语从句.
（1）由从属连词when引导的时间状语从句.when意为“当……的时侯”,when既可以表示一段时间,一个持续性的动作,也可以表示时间的一个点,一个短暂性的动作.主、从句的动作可以同时发生,从句的动作也可发生在主句之前或之后.
e.g.Tom went to work in the factory when he was 14 years old.
当Tom14岁时,他去一个工厂工作.
Mr. Brown had already left when I got to his office.
当我到达布朗先生办公室时他已经离开了.
I was watching TV when my mother came back.
当我妈妈回来时我正在看电视.
（2）由until引导的时间状语从句.until／till意为“直到……”,主句的谓语动词必须是持续性动词,而且主从句的谓语动词都用肯定式.“not…until…”表示“直到……才……”时,主句的谓语动词必须是非持续性动词,而且主句用否定式,从句用肯定式.
e.g.I didn't go to bed until my mother came back home.
直到我妈妈回家我才去睡觉.
（3）由as soon as和since引导的时间状语从句.as soon as意为“一……就……”,一般主句的谓语动词用将来时时,从句的谓语动词用现在时.since意为“自从……以来”,通常从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时.
e.g.I'll let you know as soon as he comes back.
他一回来我就会让你知道.
Mr. Read has taught in that school since he left Canada in 1988.
自从Read先生从1988年离开加拿大以来就一直在那个学校教书.
（4）由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来时间.例如：
e.g.We'll have a sports meeting if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨,我们将会开运动会.
（5）由because,as,since引导的原因状语从句.because的语气最强烈,通常用来回答why提出的问句.because引导的原因状语从句经常放在主句之后；since的语气比because弱,陈述的理由往往是对方所知道的,译作“既然”；as的语气最弱,只是附带较明显的原因或理由,as引导的从句常放在主句之前,说明原因或理由,后面的主句说明结果,主从句所表达的内容同等重要.
e.g.As it was dark, we stopped working.
由于天黑了,我们停止工作.
Since no one is against it, we'll do that.
因为没人反对,那我们就做吧.
Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday because she was ill.
贝蒂昨天没去看电影,因为她生病了.
（6）比较状语从句由than,as…as,not as（so）…as来引导,从句中往往省去与主句相同的成分.例如：My brother is younger than I．He worked as fast as an old worker．
（7）表示结果：so that,so…that,such…that其中so是副词,后接副词或形容词,such是形容词,后接名词或名词短语.
e.g.The old man was so weak that he couldn’t get on the train.
那位老人太虚弱了,以至于上不了火车.
It’s such an important match that we can’t miss it.
这个比赛如此重要,我们决不能输.
（8）让步状语从句由though,although引导
though表示“尽管”,“虽然”,引导让步状语从句,可以放在主句前或主句后.注意用though就不能用but,用but就不能再用 though.
e.g.This TV set is too dear though it gives you a better picture.
虽然这台电视的图像很好,但是也太贵了.
这句可以改为：It gives you a better picture, but this TV is too dear.
又如：He is rich, but he isn't happy.
Though he is very young, he knows several languages.
（9）表示目的的状语从句：so that.
e.g.He borrowed the money so that he could send his son to school.
他借钱,这样他就能送儿子去上学了.
3．形容词的同级比较
大多数形容词(性质形容词)有比较等级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别,原级即形容词的原形.形容词的同级比较结构：
（1）肯定句的句式结构.
A＋be＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B：表示A、B两者比较程度相同,即“A和B一样……”.
e.g.This film is as interesting as that one.
这部电影和那部电影一样有趣.
（2）否定式的句式结构.
A＋be＋not＋as/so＋形容词原级＋as＋B：表示A、B两者程度不同,即“A不如B那么……”.
e.g.Spring is not as/so cold as winter.
春天不像冬天那么冷.
Chinese is not as/so hard as English.
汉语不如英语难.
（3）表示倍数,如“一半/两倍/三倍/四倍/……”用“half/twice/three/four/…times＋as…as…”结构.
e.g.You are not half as clever as you think you are.
你还没你自认为的一半聪明.
We got three times as many people as we expected.
来的人的数目是我们预期的三倍.
4．使役动词的用法
所谓“使役“,就是叫别人去做事情.常见的使役动词有let, make, have, get等,加了宾语后,可用动词原形或不定式短语(to+动词原形)作宾语补足语.
e.g.Father makes me wash the car tomorrow afternoon.
爸爸让我明天下午洗车.
Mr. Wang let them sit there yesterday.
昨天王老师让他们坐在那儿.
这几个动词在句子中的具体用法如下：
（1）let意为“允许,让”,无被动语态,其后常跟复合宾语,由不带to的动词不定式、副词、介词短语等作它的宾语补足语.
e.g.Mother let me go to camp.
母亲让我去露营.
His father doesn’t let him smoke.
他父亲不让他吸烟.
Your mother is tired. Let her alone.
你妈累了,别打扰她.
注意：let’s与let us有区别,let’s包括说话者和听话者,意为“咱们”.let us仅包括说话者,而不包括听话者,意为“让我们”.
e.g.Let’s go home, shall we?
咱们回家,好吗?(包括说话者和听话者)
Let us go home, will you?
请让我们回家吧,好吗?(不包括听话者)
（2）make后面也常常跟复合宾语,由名词、形容词、不带to的动词不定式、过去分词、介词短语等作宾补.
e.g.They made him captain. （make + object + n.）
他们选他当队长.
He made us laugh. （make + object + v.）
他使我们大笑.
The news made him sad. （make + object +adj.）
那个消息使他难过.
Make yourself at home. （make + object +prep-phrase.）
就像在家一样,别客气.
make与let有区别,make作使役动词含有强制的意味,而let则由宾语的自主意识决定.
e.g.He made me drink it.
他强制我喝下它.
He let me drink it.
他让我喝下它.
（3）have是“使,命令,让”的意思,其后可带复合宾语,不带to的动词不定式、过去分词、形容词等可以作它的宾语补足语.常见的句式有：have sb. do sth.让某人做某事；have sth. done请某人干某事；have sb. +形容词,让某人保持或处于某一状态.
e.g.I had my son go instead.
我让我儿子代我去.
Have him do it.
让他去做吧.
We had the machine repaired.
我们请人把机器修好了.
You must have yourself happy.
你必须得让你自己高兴起来.
（4）get也可用作使役动词,它有两种用法.
① get sb. to do sth. 让某人帮做某事
e.g.The boss got the girl to type the letter for him.
老板让这女孩帮他打印那封信.
Dad got me to wash his car.
爸爸让我帮他洗车.
② get后亦可与have一样,后接过去分词作宾语补足语,构成“get+宾语+过去分词”结构,意为“把……(被)……”.
e.g.I got my hair cut yesterday.
我昨天去理发了.
She got her computer fixed.
她把她的电脑修理好了.
5．动词不定式的用法
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种.所谓非谓语动词就是不能做谓语,没有人称和数的变化.不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成.to只是不定式的一个符号,没有任何实际意义.另外,动词不定式具有动词的性质,可以带宾语和状语,不定式加上它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语.而且不定式可以作除谓语以外的其他句子成分.具体用法如下：
（1）作宾语
动词不定式作及物动词的宾语,常用的及物动词有：begin, want, hope, forget, remember, like, love, need, try, ask, learn, wish, agree, choose, start, plan, decide, refuse等.
e.g.I began to learn French.
我开始学法语了.
The old man always forgets what to do.
那位老人总是忘记要做什么.
Liu Mei wants to ask the teacher a question.
刘媚想问老师一个问题.
句中to learn French, what to do, to ask the teacher a question分别作谓语动词began,forgets,wants的宾语.
（2）作宾语补足语
e.g.Tell the child not to play on the road.
告诉孩子们不要在马路上玩.
My father told me to turn the TV up.
我父亲叫我把电视音量调大一些.
I often help my mother (to) do housework at home.
我经常在家帮助妈妈做家务.
句中not to play on the road, to turn the TV up, (to)do housework at home分别作tell,told,help的宾语补足语.
注意：
① 作动词ask, tell, want, order, invite, wish, allow, teach等的宾补时,动词不定式要带to.
e.g.Can you ask Tom to speak more slowly?
你能叫汤姆说慢点吗?
② 表示感官和使役的动词let, make, listen to, feel, hear, see, watch等,作这些动词的宾补时, 动词不定式不带to.
e.g.My parents don’t let me swim in the river.
我父母不让我在河里游泳.
③ 作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式可带to,也可以不带.
e.g.Could you help me (to) do the cooking this afternoon?
今天下午你能帮我做饭吗?
He can’t help me (to) mend my bike.
他不能帮我修理自行车.
（3）作主语
常用it作为形式主语,而往往将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后.
e.g.It’s hard to answer your question.
回答你的问题很难.
该句也可说成：To answer your question is hard.
注：① 如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可在不定式前加一个for sb.,作不定式的逻辑主语.
e.g.It’s difficult for us to finish the work.
对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难.
② 如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, good, clever, polite, careful, careless, foolish等描述行为者本身的性格、品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加of sb.,做逻辑主语.
e.g.It’s very kind of you to help me.
你帮我真是太好了.
两种结构还有一个区别,在of sb.结构中,可用sb.直接作主语来改写句子.试比较：
e.g.It’s kind of you to give me the book.
=You are kind to give me the book.
你给我这本书,真是太好了.
for sb.结构是不可以这样转换的.
e.g.We are difficult to finish the work.(×)
（4）作状语
① 作目的状语
e.g.He ran so fast to catch the first bus.
他跑这么快是为了赶上第一趟班车.
I come here only to say goodbye to you.
我来这仅仅是为了向你告别.
② 作结果状语
e.g.They were too excited to say a word.
他太激动了以致说不出话来了.
③ 作原因状语
e.g.She wouldn’t be so silly to do that.
她不会傻到去做那件事的.
（5）作表语
① 主语是不定式（表示条件）,表语是不定式（表示结果）.
e.g.To work means to make a living.
工作意味着谋生.
② 主语是duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等名词为中心的短语,或是以what引导的名词性从句,不定式短语对主语起补充说明的作用.
e.g.The most important thing is to save the boy first.
最重要的事情是先救那个男孩.
（6）作定语
动词不定式作定语时,总是后置.当被修饰的词是它的逻辑宾语时,则不定式动词必须是及物的.如果不定式是不及物动词,就要用必要的介词,使其构成及物的短语动词.
e.g.—Shopping with me!
跟我一块去购物吧!
—Sorry. I have a lot of clothes to wash.
对不起.我有很多衣服要洗.
此处wash与被修饰的名词clothes有动宾关系.
e.g.He gave me an interesting book to read.
他给我一本有趣的书看.
如果动词不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词.
e.g.He wants to find a chair to sit on.
他想找把椅子坐.
注：下列词语后常接动词不定式作定语.
chance, wish, time, way, the first, need, the only, the second, the last, right, promise等.
e.g.He has no time to see the film.
他没有时间去看电影.
（7）动词不定式的否定形式：其否定形式是在不定式前加not.
e.g.I decided not to ask him again.
我决定不再问他了.
（8）动词不定式短语可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when等连用.
e.g.I don’t know what to do.
我不知道该做什么.
Could you tell me where to buy the scarf?
你能告诉我去哪儿买围巾吗?
希望对你有帮助谢谢!望采纳!